业余无线电通联常用简语
List of Common Abbreviations and Jargon. （常用缩写和简语列表）
aa all after (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) or End of Line (CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) or artificial aerial （之后所有内容（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY）；或行结束（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格）；或假天线）ab all before (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （之前所有内容（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））abt about (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （大约，关于（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ack automatic acknowledgment of uncorrupted digital data receipt （未损坏数字数据接收的自动确认）across the pond on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean （在大西洋彼岸）activate operate a station from a specific location, such as a rare country that normally has no resident Radio Amateurs （从特定位置操作电台，例如通常没有业余无线电爱好者居住的稀有国家）adee addressee (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （收件人（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））adr address (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （地址（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ads address (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （地址（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））af audio frequency （音频频率）after burner high powered amplifier （高功率放大器）"again" shortened version of “say again” which is often used to indicate that a repeat is required （“say again”的缩写，常用于表示需要重复）agn again (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （再次（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））alias a short word or group of characters used to identify a digipeater, as an alternative to the full callsign （用于识别数字中继器的简短单词或字符组，作为完整呼号的替代）alpha time local time, e.g. BST, EST, PST etc. （当地时间，例如英国夏令时、东部标准时间、太平洋标准时间等）am amplitude modulation （调幅）AMSAT Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation （业余无线电卫星公司）AMTOR “Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio”, an error correcting data transmission system based on the marine SITOR system （“业余无线电电传打印”，一种基于海事SITOR系统的纠错数据传输系统）amu antenna matching unit （天线匹配单元）ancient mod facetious meaning of “AM” (Amplitude Modulation) （“AM”（调幅）的诙谐说法）ani any (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （任何（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ans answer (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （回答（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ant antenna (aerial) (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （天线（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ar end of message (CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （消息结束（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））armchair copy description of good quality strong signal with no interference （描述无干扰的高质量强信号）ARRL American Radio Relay League （美国无线电中继联盟）artificial aerial old name for a dummy load, particularly with respect to a type of amateur radio licence issued in the UK, prior to World War II, which allowed the licensee to build and operate a wireless (radio) transmitter, but not to radiate a signal outside the confines of the registered address （假负载的旧称，特别是指二战前英国颁发的一种业余无线电执照，持照人可以建造和操作无线（无线电）发射机，但不能在注册地址范围外辐射信号）ARQ Automatic Repeat Request （自动重传请求）as wait (CW use only.Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （等待（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））at previously used for the @ sign in e-mail addresses. Now superseded by “AC”.(CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no spaces between letters) （以前用于电子邮件地址中的@符号，现在被“AC”取代（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））atv amateur television (fast scan) （业余电视（快速扫描））atu antenna tuning unit （天线调谐单元）aurora The Aurora Borealis or Aurora Australis (Northern and Southern Lights respectively).VHF signals may be “bounced off” these ionised gas layers in the upper atmosphere （北极光或南极光。甚高频信号可能会从上层大气中的这些电离气体层“反射”）AX25 transmission protocol used for amateur packet radio operation （业余分组无线电操作使用的传输协议）b4 before (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （之前（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））back over (CB jargon not normally used by Radio Amateurs) （结束（民用波段行话，业余无线电爱好者通常不用））Baghdad Morse badly sent Morse code that is difficult to read （发送糟糕、难以辨认的莫尔斯电码）bamboo-box equipment manufactured in the Far East, usually Japan （远东地区（通常是日本）制造的设备）bands the frequencies upon which radio amateurs are permitted to or the frequency ranges covered by equipment （业余无线电爱好者被允许操作的频率，或设备覆盖的频率范围）band-plan an agreement to use certain modes on certain frequencies within a given band （在给定频段内特定频率上使用特定模式的协议）barefoot without an external amplifier （不使用外部放大器）BBC quality used in the UK to describe a good quality strong signal （在英国用于描述高质量强信号）bbs packet radio mailbox (bulletin board system) （分组无线电邮箱（公告板系统））bci broadcast interference （广播干扰）bcl broadcast listener (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （广播听众（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））bcn beacon (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （信标（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））bcnu be seeing you (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （再见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））bd bad (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （差的，坏的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））beacon a continuously transmitting device used to assess propagation （用于评估传播情况的连续发射设备）beam multi element directional antenna （多单元定向天线）big switch a metaphorical “switch” controlling the entire station, as in “pulling the big switch”, meaning to close down completely （隐喻控制整个电台的“开关”，如“拉下大开关”表示完全关闭电台）birds nest temporary construction of a circuit in which components are supported in the wiring by their leads or any untidy or poorly constructed device （临时搭建的电路，其中元件通过引脚支撑在布线中，或任何杂乱或制作不佳的设备）bk break or break in (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only)（中断或插入（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））black box commercially manufactured electronic device （商业制造的电子设备）blower fan used to supply cooling air （用于提供冷却空气的风扇）bn all between or been (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （两者之间所有内容或曾经（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））boots high powered amplifier (after burner) （高功率放大器（加力燃烧器））bottle radio valve (vacuum tube) （电子管（真空管））box of digits digital equipment （数字设备）BR68 a booklet, which was published by the UK Radiocommunications Agency, containing the Terms, Provisions and Limitations applicable to UK Amateur Radio Licences. This document has now been replaced by the new licence, which came into force on 1 December 2006, which includes the Terms, Conditions and Limitations （英国无线电通信局出版的一本小册子，包含适用于英国业余无线电执照的条款、规定和限制。该文件现已被2006年12月1日生效的新执照取代，新执照包含条款、条件和限制）braid-breaker device intended to prevent the RF currents flowing down the outside of coaxial cable braiding from entering equipment （用于防止同轴电缆编织层外部的射频电流进入设备的装置）brass pounder operator skilled in using the Morse code （熟练使用莫尔斯电码的操作员）brass pounding sending Morse code （发送莫尔斯电码）breadboard device to facilitate the temporary construction of a circuit to prove its viability （便于临时搭建电路以验证其可行性的装置）"break!" an exclamation often used by operators wishing to draw attention to their presence on a frequency being used by an established QSO which they wish to join (poor operating practice) （“中断！”，操作员常用的感叹词，用于在已有的通联正在使用的频率上引起注意，表明他们想加入通联（不良操作习惯））break-in a system in which the receiver is enabled between the individual components of a CW transmission （在CW传输的各个元件之间使接收机启用的系统）breaker a station trying to join an established QSO （试图加入已有通联的电台）bright emitter a radio valve employing a directly heated filament, as opposed to an indirectly heated cathode （采用直热式灯丝的电子管，与旁热式阴极相对）BST British Summer Time （英国夏令时）bt separation between address and text and between text and signature (CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （地址与文本之间以及文本与签名之间的分隔符（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））bth both (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （两者都（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））btr better (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （更好（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））btw by the way (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only)（顺便说一下（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））btu back to you (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （回给你（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））bug software problem （软件问题）bug-key semi automatic Morse key (after the red beetle trade-mark of the Vibroplex Company) （半自动莫尔斯电键（源自Vibroplex公司的红甲虫商标））bunged up the condition existing when a receiver becomes overloaded by strong signals （接收机因强信号过载的状态）bunny hunt American name for a “foxhunt” (direction finding contest) （“狐狸狩猎”（测向竞赛）的美国叫法）burner high powered amplifier (short for “after burner”) （高功率放大器（“加力燃烧器”的简称））buro qsl bureau (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （QSL局（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））burst short portion of a transmission received via reflection from meteor trails, auroras or during a sporadic-e opening or a few cycles of RF superimposed on a signal for synchronisation purposes e.g. the colour burst in an analogue colour TV signal （通过流星余迹、极光反射或在突发E层开放期间接收到的短传输部分，或为同步目的叠加在信号上的几个射频周期，例如模拟彩色电视信号中的色同步信号）BYLARA British Young Ladies Amateur Radio Association （英国年轻女士业余无线电协会）c yes or correct (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （是或正确（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））call often used as a short form of “callsign” （常作为“呼号”的简称）call book list of callsigns and postal addresses of all UK and Republic of Ireland Amateur Radio Licensees. (Now incorporated into the “RSGB Yearbook”, which is published annually) （英国和爱尔兰共和国所有业余无线电执照持有者的呼号和邮政地址列表。（现并入每年出版的“英国无线电协会年鉴”））callsign a group of letters and figures, which is unique to each amateur radio operator. These callsigns are issued by the appropriate Government Department of the country in which the station is located.The callsign consists of a prefix, indicating the country, and a suffix, which is unique to each operator e.g. G3NPF and M1AIM where “G3” and “M1”, indicate England, and “NPF” and “AIM” are the letters unique to these operators （一组字母和数字，对每个业余无线电操作员是唯一的。这些呼号由电台所在国家的相关政府部门颁发。呼号由表示国家的前缀和每个操作员唯一的后缀组成，例如G3NPF和M1AIM，其中“G3”和“M1”表示英格兰，“NPF”和“AIM”是这些操作员的唯一字母）can of worms a procedure or piece of equipment that has many known, or potential, problems （有许多已知或潜在问题的程序或设备）cans headphones (earphones) （耳机）capacity hat a device mounted at the top of a vertical antenna to lower its natural resonant frequency （安装在垂直天线顶部以降低其固有谐振频率的装置）carrier generally, the steady continuous RF component of an amplitude modulated signal, but commonly used to describe any, usually unwanted, steady signal on, or close to, the current operating frequency （通常指调幅信号中的稳定连续射频分量，但通常用于描述当前工作频率上或附近的任何（通常是不需要的）稳定信号）cb callbook (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) or Citizens Band （呼号簿（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY）或民用波段）cba callbook address (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （呼号簿地址（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））centre fed wire a wire antenna, where the transmitter/receiver/ATU is connected at the mid-point, via tuned feeders or coaxial cable （中心馈电天线，发射机/接收机/天线调谐单元通过调谐馈线或同轴电缆连接在中点）CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.The following member countries (and certain non-member countries marked with an asterisk), have implemented CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01:
Albania * Ireland Russian Federation * |
Radio Amateurs holding a valid callsign issued by any of the above countries may operate in the UK, subject to the conditions and limitations previously set out in BR68 but now included in the new licence, which came into force on 1 December 2006. Note that for CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 purposes, the United Kingdom includes the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands and some of the above countries also include many of their over-seas territories and dependencies.
（欧洲邮政和电信管理会议。以下成员国（以及某些带星号的非成员国）已实施CEPT建议T/R 61 - 01：
阿尔巴尼亚*、爱尔兰、俄罗斯联邦*、澳大利亚、以色列*、圣马力诺*、奥地利、意大利*、斯洛伐克共和国*、比利时、拉脱维亚*、斯洛文尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、列支敦士登、南非*、保加利亚、立陶宛、西班牙*、加拿大*、卢森堡、瑞典、克罗地亚、马其顿*、瑞士、塞浦路斯*、马耳他*、土耳其、捷克共和国、摩尔多瓦*、乌克兰、丹麦、摩纳哥*、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、爱沙尼亚、荷兰、芬兰、新西兰*、法国、挪威、美国、德国、秘鲁*、希腊、波兰、梵蒂冈城*、匈牙利、葡萄牙、冰岛、罗马尼亚*。
持有上述任何国家颁发的有效呼号的业余无线电爱好者可在英国操作，但需遵守之前BR68中规定的条件和限制，现包含在2006年12月1日生效的新执照中。注意，就CEPT建议T/R 61 - 01而言，英国包括马恩岛和海峡群岛，上述一些国家还包括其许多海外领土和属地）cfm confirm or I confirm (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （确认或我确认（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））channel a specific frequency on a given band （给定频段上的特定频率）chatter the condition when a relay fails to change state in a single operation （继电器在单次操作中未能改变状态的情况）cheque book engineering the purchase of ready built commercial apparatus, as opposed to designing and building one’s own equipment （购买现成的商业设备，而不是自己设计和建造设备）cherries the multiple LEDs (usually red and yellow) used on some modern equipment to indicate signal strength instead of a meter（一些现代设备上用于指示信号强度的多个发光二极管（通常是红色和黄色），而不是使用仪表）chewing the fat general discussion of a variety of subjects, often of a non-amateur radio nature （广泛讨论各种话题，通常与业余无线电无关）chirp a small, transient, change in frequency at the start of a transmission, most noticeable on CW （传输开始时频率的小而短暂的变化，在CW中最明显）choppy subject to intermittent interruptions （受到间歇性中断的影响）ck check (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （检查（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ckt circuit (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （电路（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cl closing down or call (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （关闭或呼叫（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））clarifier device that allows either the receive frequency or the transmit frequency, or both, to be independently adjusted on a transceiver that would normally use single frequency operation （在通常使用单频操作的收发信机上，允许独立调整接收频率、发射频率或两者的装置）class of emission a three (or more if necessary) character code, which defines the characteristics of a radio emission. These are internationally agreed by the Telecommunication Convention and are listed in the Radio Regulations.Select Emission Classes for full information. （一个三位（必要时更多）字符代码，用于定义无线电发射的特性。这些由《电信公约》国际商定，并列入《无线电规则》。选择发射类别以获取完整信息）clbk callbook (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （呼号簿（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cld called (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （被呼叫（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））clg calling (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （呼叫中（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））clicks transient sidebands that occur when the keying characteristics of a CW transmitter are such that the leading and trailing edges of the RF envelope are incorrectly shaped （当CW发射机的键控特性使射频包络的前沿和后沿形状不正确时出现的瞬态边带）clipper a device for limiting the maximum amplitude of a signal to a particular level （将信号最大幅度限制在特定水平的装置）clockfull a meter indication at, or very near to, full scale deflection （仪表指示达到或非常接近满刻度偏转）club a local club, society or group catering for amateur radio enthusiasts. e.g. the “Horsham Club” is shorthand for the Horsham Amateur Radio Club （为业余无线电爱好者服务的当地俱乐部、协会或团体。例如，“霍舍姆俱乐部”是霍舍姆业余无线电俱乐部的简称）cmg coming (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （来，即将到来（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cnt can’t (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （不能（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））coax co-axial cable （同轴电缆）code usually means morse code but can mean other coding methods such as the Murray code used in teleprinting or the digital data and instructions constituting a computer programme （通常指莫尔斯电码，但也可以指其他编码方法，如电传打印中使用的默里码，或构成计算机程序的数字数据和指令）co-linear antenna in which resonant elements are connected end-to-end, with phasing circuits between them （谐振元件首尾相连，中间有相位电路的天线）come again repeat your message （重复你的消息）come back over (CB jargon not normally used by Radio Amateurs) （结束（民用波段行话，业余无线电爱好者通常不用））comp computer (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （计算机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））compression reduction of dynamic range （动态范围的压缩）compressor shortened form of “speech compressor” （“语音压缩器”的简称）condenser old name for a capacitor （电容器的旧称）condx conditions (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （条件，状况（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））connected the state that exists when two packet stations are in contact with each other and handshaking is taking place （两个分组电台相互联系并进行握手时的状态）connectors plugs and sockets （插头和插座）contest a competition between individual operators, or groups of operators, in which points are generally gained for the number of contacts achieved within a set period of time and, in some cases for the distances between the stations. Note that there are many different types of contest and each has its own set of rules, reporting requirements and scoring criteria （个人操作员或操作员团体之间的竞赛，通常根据在规定时间内完成的通联数量得分，在某些情况下还根据电台之间的距离得分。注意，有许多不同类型的竞赛，每种都有自己的规则、报告要求和评分标准）copy the act of hearing and understanding a station or the content of a received message （听到并理解电台信号或接收到的消息内容的行为）counterpoise a conductor located under a wire antenna, but positioned on, or very close to, the ground, which acts as an “artificial earth”, against which the antenna may be tuned （位于线天线下方，但位于地面上或非常靠近地面的导体，作为“人工接地”，可用于调谐天线）coz because (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （因为（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cpi copy (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （抄收（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cq general call to any station （对任何电台的通用呼叫）crd card (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （卡片（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））creepie-peepie hand-held television camera/transmitter （手持式电视摄像机/发射机）cross-band receiving on one band and transmitting on another band （在一个频段接收，在另一个频段发射）crud the generic term for unwanted noise, interference or signals （不需要的噪声、干扰或信号的通用术语）cs callsign (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （呼号（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System in which very low frequency audio tones are used to access repeaters instead of the 1750Hz tone-burst.The tones used by repeaters are listed below:
Designator Tone Frequency |
There are 31 other tones in the full CTCSS range, which are listed below:
69.3, 74.4, 79.7, 85.5, 91.5, 97.4, 100.0, 107.2, 114.8, 123.0, |
Partial CTCSS implementation means that a user station must transmit the appropriate CTCSS tone in order to activate a repeater but the station receiver will respond to all signals. Full CTCSS implementation means that in addition to activating a repeater, the user station’s receiver will only respond to signals having the appropriate CTCSS tone. （连续音频编码静噪系统，使用非常低频的音频音调来访问中继器，而不是1750Hz的音调脉冲。中继器使用的音调如下：标识符A对应67.0Hz，B对应71.9Hz，C对应77.0Hz，D对应82.5Hz，E对应88.5Hz，F对应94.8Hz，G对应103.5Hz，H对应110.9Hz，J对应118.8Hz。完整的CTCSS范围内还有31种其他音调，如下：69.3、74.4、79.7、85.5、91.5、97.4、100.0、107.2、114.8、123.0、127.3、131.8、136.5、141.3、146.2、151.4、156.7、162.2、167.9、173.8、179.9、186.2、192.8、203.5、206.5、210.7、218.1、225.7、233.6、241.8、250.3。部分CTCSS实现意味着用户电台必须发送适当的CTCSS音调才能激活中继器，但电台接收机将响应所有信号。完全CTCSS实现意味着除了激活中继器外，用户电台的接收机仅响应具有适当CTCSS音调的信号）cu see you (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （再见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cuagn see you again (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （再见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cud could (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （能，可以（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cul see you later (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （稍后见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cum come (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （来（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cuz because (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （因为（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））cw continuous wave (But generally regarded as meaning Morse code) （连续波（但通常被认为是指莫尔斯电码））da day (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （天，日（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dc to blue light very wide bandwidth （非常宽的带宽）de from (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （来自（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dead band a band upon which no signals can be heard due to poor propagation （由于传播不佳而听不到信号的频段）deaf low in sensitivity or the inability to resolve weak signals （灵敏度低或无法分辨弱信号）df direction finding （测向）diff difference (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （差异，差值（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））digipeater simplex repeater for digital (packet) modes, where handshaking takes place between the two connected stations without involving the intermediate repeater, which only acts as a relay（用于数字（分组）模式的单工中继器，两个相连电台之间进行握手，中间中继器仅作为中继）diplexer device for connecting two antennas to a single piece of equipment or two pieces of equipment to a single antenna （用于将两个天线连接到一台设备或两台设备连接到一个天线的装置）dippy unreliable or poor quality or of doubtful origin （不可靠的、质量差的或来源可疑的）dish the parabolic reflector forming part of a microwave antenna （构成微波天线一部分的抛物面反射器）dld delivered (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （已送达（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dlvd delivered (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （已送达（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dn down (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （向下（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dodgy of doubtful origin or potentially unreliable （来源可疑或可能不可靠的）dog biscuits decibels (frivolous phonetics, not recommended for normal use) （分贝（轻率的发音，不建议正常使用））doubling the situation when two stations accidentally transmit on the same frequency and at the same time （两个电台意外地在同一频率和同一时间发射的情况）down-link the received signal from a satellite （从卫星接收到的信号）dr dear (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （亲爱的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））drift slow, unwanted, change in any operating parameter, but usually in frequency （任何操作参数的缓慢、不需要的变化，通常指频率）dsb double sideband （双边带）dsp digital signal processing （数字信号处理）dsw Russian CW abbreviation for “good bye” (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （俄语CW中“再见”的缩写（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dual-band capable of operating on two frequency bands （能够在两个频段上操作）duplex receiving and transmitting on two different frequencies simultaneously （同时在两个不同频率上接收和发射）dwn down (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （向下（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））dx distance or rare station （距离或稀有电台）DXCC DX Century Club. An award which requires proof of contact with one hundred, or more, different DXCC recognised countries （DX世纪俱乐部。一项需要证明与一百个或更多不同的DXCC认可国家进行通联的奖项）dxpedition a visit to an unusual location in order to activate a rare callsign prefix （前往不寻常的地点以激活稀有的呼号前缀）ears a station’s receive capability （电台的接收能力）earwigging listening to a QSO without actually joining in （偷听通联而不实际加入）el element (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （元件（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））electronic bug fully automatic electronic morse key （全自动电子莫尔斯电键）e-mail electronic mail （电子邮件）eme earth-moon-earth （地-月-地）end fed wire a wire antenna, usually tuned against ground, where one end is connected directly to the transmitter/receiver/ATU （端馈天线，通常对地调谐，一端直接连接到发射机/接收机/天线调谐单元）end stop description of a very strong signal (refers to full-scale deflection on the S-meter) （描述非常强的信号（指S表满刻度偏转））enuf enough (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （足够（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））es and (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only). Note that this is actually the old American land-line telegraphy group for the ampersand (&).Es sporadic-e （和（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY）。注意，这实际上是美国旧的陆线电报中表示连字符（&）的组；突发E层）eu Europe (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （欧洲（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））eve evening (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （晚上（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ex-government a term describing equipment originally owned and used by Government organisations, usually the military, but disposed of on the open civilian market when no longer required （描述原本由政府组织（通常是军队）拥有和使用，但不再需要时在公开民用市场上处理的设备的术语）extended tropo VHF propagation mode utilising particular ionisation conditions in the troposphere （利用对流层中特定电离条件的甚高频传播模式）eyeball QSO meeting face to face (in person) （面对面（亲自）会面通联）fb fine business (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （很好，业务顺利（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））FEC Forward Error Correction （前向纠错）feeder transmission line connecting an antenna to a receiver or transmitter （连接天线与接收机或发射机的传输线）fer for (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （为了，对于（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））final final transmission (Fone use only) （最后一次传输（仅用于电话通信））final final extra transmission made by a station who has already signed off (Fone use only) （已结束通联的电台进行的额外传输（仅用于电话通信））fine business very good or excellent （非常好或优秀）fish-fone transmissions from vessels such as fishing boats and trawlers （渔船和拖网渔船等船只的传输）fio for information only (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （仅供参考（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））firmware computer programme stored in solid state memory （存储在固态存储器中的计算机程序）fist a Morse operators style of sending when using a straight key （莫尔斯操作员使用直键发送的风格）fist mic microphone designed to be held in the hand （手持麦克风）flaky unreliable （不可靠的）flame to send an insulting, rude or controversial message via packet radio or e-mail （通过分组无线电或电子邮件发送侮辱性、粗鲁或有争议的消息）flat topping the condition that exists when an amplifier is overdriven and is unable to amplify signal peaks without distortion （放大器过载且无法不失真地放大信号峰值的情况）fm frequency modulation （调频）fone telephony (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （电话通信（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））foxhunt direction finding contest (usually on VHF) （测向竞赛（通常在甚高频））fq frequency (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （频率（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））freq frequency (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （频率（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））front end the input stages of a receiver （接收机的输入级）fsd full scale deflection （满刻度偏转）fsk frequency shift keying （移频键控）FSK441 A digital transmission system designed by K1JT, which is used for meteor scatter communication, primarily on 144MHz （K1JT设计的数字传输系统，主要用于144MHz的流星散射通信）FSTV Fast Scan Television (normal TV transmission format) （快速扫描电视（正常电视传输格式））ftp file transfer protocol （文件传输协议）full gallon maximum permitted power （最大允许功率）further down the log at a later date (as in “see you further down the log”) （在以后的日期（如“日后日志中再见”））fwd forward (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （转发，向前（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））fwiw for what it’s worth (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （不管怎样，仅供参考（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））fyi for your information (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （供你参考（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））G5RV a type of multiband wire dipole antenna designed by the late Louis Varney, G5RV （已故的G5RV Louis Varney设计的一种多波段线偶极天线）ga good afternoon (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （下午好（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gateway a connection between the Internet and a radio station, usually a repeater, which facilitates communication using VOIP or a device to enable one packet station to contact another packet station on a different band, usually VHF to HF （互联网与电台（通常是中继器）之间的连接，便于使用网络电话进行通信，或使一个分组电台能够与另一个不同频段（通常是甚高频到高频）的分组电台联系的设备）gb good bye (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （再见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gd good day (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （日安（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ge good evening (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （晚上好（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gear equipment （设备）gess guess (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （猜测（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gg going (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （正在去，将要（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gld glad (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （高兴的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gm good morning (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （早上好（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））GMT Greenwich Mean Time （格林威治标准时间）gn good night (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （晚安（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gnd ground (earth) (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （接地（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））good buddy friend (CB jargon, not normally used by Radio Amateurs) （好朋友（民用波段行话，业余无线电爱好者通常不用））gp ground plane (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （接地平面（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））GPS Global Positioning System （全球定位系统）GRB Gamma-Ray Burst （伽马射线暴）greyline line joining points on the earth’s surface where the transition between night and day is occurring （连接地球表面昼夜过渡点的线）gs green stamp (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （绿色邮票（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gud good (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （好的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gv give (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （给（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））gvg giving (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （正在给（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hagd have a good day (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （祝你有美好的一天（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hagwe have a good week end (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （祝你有个愉快的周末（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））Ham Amateur Radio Operator (American slang) （业余无线电操作员（美国俚语））hamfest large organised social gathering of radio amateurs, often with an associated Trade Show and/or flea market（大型有组织的业余无线电爱好者社交聚会，通常伴有贸易展览和/或跳蚤市场）hand-held small transceiver intended to be used like a mobile ‘phone (colloquially known as a walkie-talkie) （小型收发信机，像移动电话一样使用（俗称对讲机））handshaking the process whereby a digital data link acknowledges receipt or transmission of data （数字数据链路确认数据接收或传输的过程）handle name (American slang) （名字（美国俚语））hard copy a permanent printed version of electronic data （电子数据的永久打印版本）hard wired connected by wires rather than computer software （通过电线连接，而不是通过计算机软件）hardware actual electronic equipment employing physical components （使用物理元件的实际电子设备）hash rough noise, usually of man-made origin （粗糙的噪声，通常是人为产生的）HB9CV a type of VHF beam antenna designed by HB9CV （HB9CV设计的一种甚高频波束天线）headset headphones, often with integral boom microphone （耳机，通常带有一体式悬臂麦克风）heater the heating element within a radio valve employing an indirectly heated cathode, as opposed to a directly heated filament （采用旁热式阴极的电子管内的加热元件，与直热式灯丝相对）hf high frequency （高频）hf bands the 14MHz, 18MHz, 21MHz, 24MHz and 28MHz amateur bands （14MHz、18MHz、21MHz、24MHz和28MHz业余频段）hh denotes error in sending preceding word (CW use only.Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （表示发送前一个单词时出错（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））hi high (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) or laughter or used to indicate that something is intended to be funny （高（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY）；或表示笑声；或用于表示某事是开玩笑的）hollow state using thermionic active devices, e.g. valves (vacuum tubes) （使用热离子有源器件，如电子管（真空管））homebrew home constructed (as opposed to commercially manufactured) （自制的（与商业制造相对））hooting instability （不稳定）hpe hope (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （希望（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hq headquarters （总部）hr here or hear or hour (CW or RTTY use only) （这里；听到；小时（仅用于CW或RTTY））hrd heard (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （听到（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hv have (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （有（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hvg having (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （正在有（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hvy heavy (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （重的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））hw how or how copy (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （怎样；抄收情况如何（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））IARU International Amateur Radio Union （国际业余无线电联盟）idiot box television set （电视机）idiot's lantern television set （电视机）II short pause (for thought?) (CW use only) RTTY operators usually use letters (or figures) shift, as appropriate （短暂停顿（思考？）（仅用于CW），RTTY操作员通常根据情况使用字母（或数字）转换）imho in my humble opinion (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （依我拙见（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））imi interrogation or repeat or say again (CW use only.Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （询问；重复；再说一遍（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））in the back of the box a very weak signal (Believed to be a CB expression) （非常弱的信号（据信是民用波段表达））in the front of the box a very strong signal (Believed to be a CB expression) （非常强的信号（据信是民用波段表达））info information （信息）inner conductor the centre conductor of a co-axial cable （同轴电缆的中心导体）input frequency the receive frequency of a repeater, i the receive frequency of a repeater, i.e. the frequency that stations use to transmit signals to the repeater （中继器的接收频率，即电台向中继器发送信号的频率）IOTA Islands On The Air （岛屿电台活动）IP Internet Protocol or intermodulation products （互联网协议或互调产物）isb independent sidebands （独立边带）ISWL International Shortwave League （国际短波联盟）ITA2 International Telegraph Alphabet No.2 （国际电报字母表第2号）ITU International Telecommunication Union (the Agency of the United Nations responsible for radio spectrum allocation) （国际电信联盟（联合国负责无线电频谱分配的机构））jingle-bells RTTY or similar data transmission signals （RTTY或类似的数据传输信号）JT44 A digital transmission system designed by K1JT, which is used for tropospheric scatter, ionospheric scatter and eme communication （K1JT设计的数字传输系统，用于对流层散射、电离层散射和地-月-地通信）JT6M A digital transmission system designed by K1JT, which is similar to FSK441 but optimised for meteor scatter use on 50MHz （K1JT设计的数字传输系统，类似于FSK441，但针对50MHz的流星散射使用进行了优化）junior op operator’s son or daughter （操作员的儿子或女儿）junk redundant but serviceable items （多余但仍可用的物品）junk box collection of redundant items accumulated over a period of time, but still serviceable and potentially having a use （一段时间内积累的多余物品集合，但仍可用且可能有用）junk sale a sale of equipment, components and associated items, usually conducted as an auction.The items offered for sale are not necessarily “junk” in the dictionary sense of the word （设备、部件及相关物品的销售，通常以拍卖形式进行。出售的物品不一定是字典意义上的“垃圾”）k invitation to transmit (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （邀请发射（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ka starting signal (CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) （起始信号（仅用于CW，作为一个整体发送，字母间无空格））key morse key （莫尔斯电键）keyboard mode an operating mode requiring the use of a keyboard and probably a computer, e.g. packet radio, PSK31, or RTTY （需要使用键盘，可能还需要计算机的操作模式，例如分组无线电、PSK31或RTTY）kit equipment （设备）klix key clicks (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （电键咔嗒声（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））kn invitation for a specific station to transmit (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （邀请特定电台发射（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ladder feeder parallel open wire transmission line, so called because the parallel wires and the insulators separating them resemble a ladder （平行开放式馈线，因其平行导线和分隔它们的绝缘子类似梯子而得名）land line hard wired connection over land such as a telephone line （陆上硬线连接，如电话线）lash-up badly constructed item （制作糟糕的物品）LED Light Emitting Diode （发光二极管）leo low earth orbit （低地球轨道）lf low frequency （低频）lf bands the 1.8MHz, 3.5MHz, 7MHz and 10MHz amateur bands （1.8MHz、3.5MHz、7MHz和10MHz业余频段）lid poor operator （差劲的操作员）linear device capable of amplifying RF signals without distortion (short for “linear amplifier”) （能够不失真地放大射频信号的设备（“线性放大器”的简称））listening through this phrase is used on VHF repeaters as an alternative to “CQ” （“正在监听”，这个短语在甚高频中继器上用作“CQ”的替代）lng long (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （长的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））loaded whip a short, mechanically flexible, vertical antenna using either a coil or a “capacity hat” to resonate it on a lower frequency than its natural resonant frequency （短而机械灵活的垂直天线，使用线圈或“电容帽”使其在低于固有谐振频率的频率上谐振）local time the time in use at a particular location, e.g. British Summer Time, Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, Pacific Standard Time, etc. （特定地点使用的时间，例如英国夏令时、东部标准时间、中部标准时间、太平洋标准时间等）locator square a shortened form of “QTH locator square” （“QTH定位方格”的简称）log a permanent record of station activity （电台活动的永久记录）logger person who maintains the log of a station on behalf of the operator, especially during a contest （代表操作员维护电台日志的人，特别是在竞赛期间）long path the longer of the two possible “around-the-world” signal propagation paths （两种可能的“环球”信号传播路径中较长的一条）long wire a wire antenna, usually fed at one end and tuned against ground, where the length is equal to several wavelengths at the frequency being used, but often erroneously used to describe a wire antenna of any random length （线天线，通常一端馈电并对地调谐，其长度等于使用频率的几个波长，但常被错误地用于描述任意长度的线天线）LORAN A radio navigation system (LOng RAnge Navigation). The current system is LORAN-C which operates at frequencies between 90kHz and 110kHz. The original system was LORAN-A which operated on frequencies within the Amateur 160m Band and caused considerable interference to amateur operations. Fortunately for amateurs, the use of this system has now been discontinued （一种无线电导航系统（远程导航）。当前系统是LORAN - C，工作频率在90kHz至110kHz之间。原系统是LORAN - A，工作在业余160米波段内的频率，对业余操作造成了相当大的干扰。对业余爱好者来说幸运的是，该系统现已停用）lp long path (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （长路径（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））lsb lower sideband （下边带）lsn listen (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （听（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ltr later or letter (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （稍后；信件（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））lv leave (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （离开（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））lvg leaving (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （正在离开（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））lw long wire (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （长天线（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））mag-mount device for mounting an antenna on a ferrous metal surface, adhesion being achieved by magnetic attraction （用于将天线安装在含铁金属表面的装置，通过磁吸力实现固定）mag loop magnetic loop antenna （磁环天线）Maidenhead Locator System the full name of the current QTH locator system, which has been adopted by the IARU.Now referred to as the “QTH Locator System” （当前QTH定位系统的全名，已被国际业余无线电联盟采用。现在称为“QTH定位系统”）maritime mobile operation of a station located in or on a vessel in tidal waters.The suffix “/MM” is appended to the callsign under these conditions （在潮汐水域中的船只上或船只内操作的电台。在这些情况下，呼号后附加后缀“/MM”）martian Morse badly sent morse code that is difficult to read （发送糟糕、难以辨认的莫尔斯电码）master of ceremonies net controller （网络控制员）mcw modulated continuous wave （调制连续波）meteor scatter communication mode relying on reflecting radio signals off the ionised trails caused by meteorites entering the earth’s atmosphere （依靠流星进入地球大气层产生的电离轨迹反射无线电信号的通信模式）mgr manager (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （经理（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））mi my (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （我的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））mic microphone （麦克风）mic back to you verbose phrase sometimes used when returning transmission to another station in a QSO (Not good practise) （在通联中将发射权交回另一个电台时有时使用的冗长短语（不良操作习惯））microwaves frequencies above 2GHz （微波频率（高于2GHz））microwave bands all those amateur bands above and including the 2.3GHz band （所有2.3GHz及以上的业余频段）mill typewriter (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （打字机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））mni many (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （许多（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））mobile operation of a station located in or on a vehicle or vessel in non-tidal waters, or when being carried by the operator e.g. when using hand held equipment.The suffix “/M” is appended to the callsign under these conditions （在非潮汐水域的车辆或船只上操作的电台，或由操作员携带（例如使用手持设备时）的电台。在这些情况下，呼号后附加后缀“/M”）mom moment (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （片刻（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））moonbounce communication mode relying on reflecting radio signals off the moon （依靠将无线电信号反射到月球的通信模式）motor boating very low frequency instability （极低频率的不稳定性）mouth a station’s transmit capability （电台的发射能力）mox manually operated transmit/receive switching （手动操作的发射/接收切换）ms meteor scatter （流星散射）msg message (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （消息（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））muckite generic term for any non-metallic substance, usually indicating that the exact composition is unknown （任何非金属物质的通用术语，通常表示确切成分未知）mult multiplier or multiplex (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （倍增器；多路复用（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））multi-band capable of operating on several bands, e.g. the HF bands, 50MHz and 144MHz （能够在多个频段上操作，例如高频频段、50MHz和144MHz）multi-hop around-the-world propagation of a radio signal by means of several earth-ionosphere-earth reflections （无线电信号通过多次地 - 电离层 - 地反射实现环球传播）multi-mode capable of operating on several modes, e.g. CW, SSB and FM （能够在多种模式下操作，例如CW、单边带和调频）n no or negative or incorrect or no more (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （不；否定；不正确；没有更多了（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ncs net control station (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （网络控制电台（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））nd nothing doing (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （没什么事（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））negative no or not or not received OK （不；不是；未正确接收）net a group of stations, usually operating on the same frequency, forming a multi - station QSO, often controlled by one of the participants （一组电台，通常在同一频率上运行，形成多电台通联，通常由其中一个参与者控制）nicad a nickel - cadmium battery （镍镉电池）nil nothing or I have nothing for you or not in log (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （没有；我没有东西给你；不在日志中（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））nm no more (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （不再有（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））nimh nickel metal hydride （镍氢电池）node repeater for digital (packet) modes, where handshaking takes place between each of two connected stations and the intermediate repeater, with no direct handshaking between the two stations or any station on a digital network, whether linked by land - line or linked by radio （数字（分组）模式的中继器，在两个相连电台与中间中继器之间进行握手，两个电台之间或数字网络上的任何电台之间（无论是通过有线连接还是无线连接）没有直接握手）NoV Notice of Variation. This is a change in the conditions relating to a specific UK Amateur Radio Licence, which is issued under the authority of OFCOM, and enables the holder of the specific licence to carry out specified activities not normally permitted under the terms of a “normal” licence （变更通知。这是与特定英国业余无线电执照相关条件的变更，由英国通信管理局（OFCOM）颁发，使特定执照持有人能够开展“正常”执照条款通常不允许的特定活动）novice the holder of a Novice Class Amateur Radio Licence, which has now been discontinued. Novice licences have now been replaced by Foundation Class Licences. Holders of existing Novice Class Licences had their licences upgraded to Intermediate Grade but retained their existing callsigns （初级业余无线电执照持有人，该执照现已停用。初级执照现已被基础级执照取代。现有初级执照持有人的执照已升级为中级，但保留原呼号）nr near or number (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （附近；号码（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））nw now (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （现在（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ob old boy (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （老兄（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））oc old chap (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （老友（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））OFCOM Office of Communications. OFCOM is the independent body that assumed the functions and powers of the RA (Radiocommunications Agency) at the end of December 2003. The RA was the UK Government Agency responsible for licensing the use of the entire radio spectrum in the UK （英国通信管理局。OFCOM是一个独立机构，于2003年12月底接管了无线电通信局（RA）的职能和权力。RA是英国政府负责英国整个无线电频谱使用许可的机构）off and clear signifies that a station has completed his/her final over and does not intend to continue with the current contact （表示电台已完成最后一次通话，无意继续当前通联）ok correct （正确）om old man or husband (Intended for CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only but often used on fone) （老头；丈夫（原仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY，但常用于电话通联））op operator (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （操作员（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））opr operator (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （操作员（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））oranges & lemons the multiple LEDs (usually red and yellow) used on some modern equipment to indicate signal strength instead of a meter （一些现代设备上用于指示信号强度的多个发光二极管（通常为红色和黄色），而非使用仪表）OSCAR Orbital Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio （携带业余无线电设备的轨道卫星）ot old timer (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （老资历者（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））oth over - the - horizon (See “Woodpeckers” below) （超视距（见下面的“啄木鸟”））out closing down (Fone use only) （结束通联（仅用于电话通联））out of band description of signals radiated on frequencies outside the permitted frequency bands （描述在许可频段之外频率上辐射的信号）out of the box the practice of purchasing and using commercial equipment with little or no knowledge or appreciation of its technical details （购买和使用商业设备时，对其技术细节了解甚少或根本不了解的做法）outer conductor the screen or braid of a co - axial cable （同轴电缆的屏蔽层或编织层）output frequency the transmit frequency of a repeater, i.e. the frequency that stations use to receive signals from the repeater （中继器的发射频率，即电台用于从中继器接收信号的频率）over period of transmission from a station, during a QSO, which will probably consist of several such “overs” or an invitation to transmit (Fone use only) （在一次通联中，电台的一次发射时段，可能由几个这样的“时段”组成，或作为发射邀请（仅用于电话通联））over and out closing down but will listen to your final transmission (Fone use only) （结束通联，但会收听你的最后一次发射（仅用于电话通联））ow old woman (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （老太太（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））pa power amplifier （功率放大器）packet burst of digital data. (Also short for “packet radio”) （数字数据突发。（也是“分组无线电”的简称））packet cluster a group of interlinked packet radio stations, usually relaying DX information （一组相互连接的分组无线电台，通常用于转发远距离通信信息）packet radio a digital data transmission system that transmits bursts (i.e. packets) of data. Acknowledgement of correct receipt is required before transmission of the subsequent packet commences （一种数字数据传输系统，以突发（即分组）形式传输数据。在开始传输下一个分组之前，需要对正确接收进行确认）PACTOR a packet like mode based on AMTOR （一种基于AMTOR的类似分组的模式）paddle the operating lever of a bug key （电键的操作杆）pbl preamble (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （前言；报头（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））peak the highest amplitude attained by a signal （信号达到的最高幅度）personal name (CB jargon not normally used by Radio Amateurs) （名字（民用波段行话，业余无线电爱好者通常不用））phasing rig an SSB transmitter where the SSB signal is generated by the vector addition of phase shifted AF and RF signals, rather than by the use of a balanced modulator and filters （一种单边带发射机，其中单边带信号是通过相移音频和射频信号的矢量相加产生的，而不是使用平衡调制器和滤波器）phonetic alphabet a list of words used to confirm individual letters under adverse conditions, the initial letter of the word being the same as the letter being confirmed. Although there are several phonetic alphabets in use around the world and their use is not forbidden, UK Amateur Radio operators are advised to use the alphabet contained in Appendix S14 of the Radio Regulations and generally known as the “NATO Phonetic Alphabet”. Brian Kelk’s Page is an excellent source of further information about phonetic alphabets, including some that are really bizarre. （在不利条件下用于确认单个字母的单词列表，单词的首字母与要确认的字母相同。虽然世界各地使用几种语音字母表，且使用它们并不被禁止，但建议英国业余无线电操作员使用《无线电规则》附录S14中包含的字母表，通常称为“北约语音字母表”。Brian Kelk的网页是获取有关语音字母表更多信息的绝佳来源，包括一些非常奇特的字母表。）
| 字母 | 北约（推荐） | 英国二战时期（不再常用 - 不推荐） | 英国一战时期 | 国际 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Alpha | Abel | Ack | Amsterdam |
| B | Bravo | Baker | Beer | Baltimore |
| C | Charlie | Charlie | Charlie | Casablanca |
| D | Delta | Dog | Don | Denmark |
| E | Echo | Easy | Edward | Edison |
| F | Foxtrot | Fox | Freddy | Florida |
| G | Golf | George | George | Gallipoli |
| H | Hotel | How | Harry | Havana |
| I | India | Item | Ink | Italia |
| J | Juliet | Jig | Johnnie | Jerusalem |
| K | Kilo | King | King | Kilogram |
| L | Lima | Love | London | Liverpool |
| M | Mike | Mike | Monkey | Madagascar |
| N | November | Nan | Nuts | New York |
| O | Oscar | Oboe | Orange | Oslo |
| P | Papa | Peter | Pip | Paris |
| Q | Quebec | Queen | Queen | Quebec |
| R | Romeo | Roger | Robert | Roma |
| S | Sierra | Sugar | Sugar | Santiago |
| T | Tango | Tare | Toc | Tripoli |
| U | Uniform | Uncle | Uncle | Uppsala |
| V | Victor | Victor | Vic | Valencia |
| W | Whiskey | William | William | Washington |
| X | X - ray | X - ray | X - ray | Xanthippe |
| Y | Yankee | Yoke | Yorker | Yokohama |
| Z | Zulu | Zebra | Zebra | Zurich |
The following information comes from Tony, RN1AL (ex G4XLA) via Denzil, G3KXF. RN1AL lives in St. Petersburg, where he teaches English. Tony says that it is not common practice in Russia to use any form of phonetics when speaking Russian, as Cyrillic spelling and pronunciation are alike, whereas English has some peculiar spellings and homophones. However, the following phonetic alphabet is sometimes employed when using the English alphabet. The first column shows the English letter. The second and fourth columns show the Cyrillic word, the fourth being the diminutive form. The third and fifth columns give the phonetic English pronunciation. Apparently, it is not uncommon for the normal and diminutive forms to be mixed randomly and it is important to get the stress right.
以下信息由RN1AL（前G4XLA）的Tony通过G3KXF的Denzil提供。RN1AL住在圣彼得堡，在那里教英语。Tony说，在俄罗斯说俄语时通常不使用任何形式的语音字母，因为西里尔字母的拼写和发音相似，而英语有一些特殊的拼写和同音词。然而，在使用英语字母时，有时会采用以下语音字母表。第一列是英文字母，第二列和第四列是西里尔语单词，第四列是昵称形式，第三列和第五列是英语音标发音。显然，正常形式和昵称形式随机混用并不少见，而且正确把握重音很重要。
| 英语（字母） | 西里尔字母（普通） | 语音（英语） | 西里尔字母（小写） | 语音（英语） |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Анатолий | anatolee | Анна | anna |
| B | Борис | barees | Боря | borya |
| C | Центральный | tsentralnee | Центр | tsentr |
| D | Димитрий | demeetree | Дима | deema |
| E | Елена | yelena | Елена | yelena |
| F | Федор | fiodor | Федя | fedya |
| G | Григорий | grigoree | Галя | galya |
| H | Харитон | hareeton | Харитон | hareeton |
| I | Иван | eevan | Иван | eevan |
| J | Иван краткий | eevan kratkee | и краткий | ee kratkee |
| K | Константий | kanstanteen | Киловатт | keelavat |
| L | Леонид | leaneet | Леонид | leaneet |
| M | Михаил | mehail | Миша | mesha |
| N | Николай | nikalai | Нина | nina |
| O | Ольга | olga | Олья | olya |
| P | Павел | pavel | Павел | pavel |
| Q | Щука | shooka | Щука | shooka |
| R | Роман | raman | Рома | roma |
| S | Сергей | sergay | Сергей | sergay |
| T | Тамара | tamara | Тана | tanya |
| U | Ульяна | oolyana | Ульяна | oolyana |
| V | Женя | zenya | Женя | zenya |
| W | Василий | vasilee | Виктор | viktar |
| X | Мягкий знак | myahkee znak | Знак | znak |
| Y | Игрек | eegrek | Игрек | eegrek |
| Z | Зинаида | zinaida | Зоя | zoya |
pile-up large number of stations calling on one frequency （大量电台在同一频率呼叫）ping very short portion of a transmission received via reflection from meteor trails, auroras or during a sporadic-e opening or an automatic hand-shaking signal sent during digital data transmission to prevent time-out （通过流星余迹、极光反射或在突发E层开放期间接收到的极短传输片段，或数字数据传输期间发送的自动握手信号，以防止超时）pink noise wideband noise with almost constant amplitude but some small peaks or spikes （宽带噪声，幅度几乎恒定但有一些小峰值或尖峰）pink ticket A notice, issued by the licencing authority, informing a licence holder of an infringement of the regulations. So called because of the colour of the paper on which such warnings were printed （由 licensing 当局发出的通知，告知执照持有人违反规定。因打印此类警告的纸张颜色而得名）pip-tone short duration audible tone, transmitted just before a station changes from transmit to receive, normally only used under difficult VHF conditions when using SSB （短时长可听音调，在电台从发射转为接收前发送，通常仅在使用SSB的困难甚高频条件下使用）pirate unlicenced operator （无执照操作员）pkg packing or package (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （包装或包裹（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））PL259 the Amphenol catalogue number of a type of co-axial plug in the “UHF” generic series. Often erroneously used to indicate the generic series itself （“UHF”通用系列中一种同轴插头的安费诺目录编号。常被错误地用来表示通用系列本身）plumber's delight antenna constructed entirely from metal tubing and requiring no insulators （完全由金属管构成且无需绝缘子的天线）plumbing the mechanical arrangements used in UHF and microwave equipment, such as resonant cavities and Lecher lines （超高频和微波设备中使用的机械装置，如谐振腔和莱彻线）pmr private mobile radio (as used by (say) a taxi firm) （专用移动无线电（如出租车公司使用的））poll the action of one digital node (station) “asking” another for information, such as confirmation of receipt of data packet （一个数字节点（电台）“询问”另一个节点以获取信息的动作，如确认数据包接收）port the input or output connection to a piece of equipment, usually a computer or other digital device or a microwave component （设备的输入或输出连接，通常是计算机或其他数字设备或微波组件）portable operation of a station at a fixed location that is not the registered address stated on the licence. The suffix “/P” may be appended to the callsign under these conditions （电台在非执照上注册地址的固定地点操作。在这些情况下，呼号可附加后缀“/P”）pounding brass sending Morse code （发送莫尔斯电码）pov point of view (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （观点（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））preamp pre-amplifier （前置放大器）prefix the part of a callsign that denotes the country of origin. Select the comprehensive list of Amateur Radio Prefixes for details. （呼号中表示原产国的部分。详情请选择业余无线电前缀综合列表）pse please (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （请（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））psk phase shift keying （相移键控）PSK31 a digital data transmission mode used by radio amateurs （业余无线电爱好者使用的一种数字数据传输模式）pt point (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （点（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ptt press to talk （按下通话）pull the big switch close down the station and switch off the equipment （关闭电台并关闭设备）pwr power (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （功率（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））px prefix or press (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （前缀或按下（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））Q-fiver device intended to improve the readability of received signals that is usually an “add on” unit to an existing receiver. Historically, a Q-fiver was an ex-american military “Command Receiver”, capable of being tuned to the (then) ubiquitous IF of 465kHz but having much better selectivity than the main receiver. （旨在提高接收信号可读性的设备，通常是现有接收机的“附加”单元。从历史上看，Q-fiver 是前美国军用“指挥接收机”，能够调谐到（当时）普遍存在的465kHz中频，但选择性比主接收机好得多）qra address, often expressed as a locator code (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （地址，常表示为定位码（完整含义见Q代码列表））qra locator an obsolete system for indicating a station’s geographical location by a five-character code that recurs at several positions on the earth’s surface, e.g. ZK08F （一种过时的系统，通过在地球表面多个位置重复出现的五字符代码表示电台的地理位置，如ZK08F）qrg frequency (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （频率（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrk readability or price/cost (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （可读性或价格/成本（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrl busy (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （忙（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrm interference (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （干扰（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrn atmospheric noise/static (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （大气噪声/静电（完整含义见Q代码列表））qro high power (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （高功率（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrp low power (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （低功率（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrq send faster (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （发送更快（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrs send slower (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （发送更慢（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrss send extremely slowly, e.g. at a speed of one word per minute, or less. (Specialised mode used on VLF bands). (No official Q-Code meaning) （极慢发送，如每分钟一个字或更慢。（用于甚低频波段的专业模式）。（无官方Q代码含义））qrt stop sending or close down station (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （停止发送或关闭电台（完整含义见Q代码列表））qru nothing further to say (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （无话可说（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrv ready or operational (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （准备好或可操作（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrx wait (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （等待（完整含义见Q代码列表））qrz who is calling me (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （谁在呼叫我（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsa signal strength (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （信号强度（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsb fading (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （衰落（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsk break-in (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （插入（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsl all received OK (See Q-Code list for full meaning) also used as a short form of “qsl card” （全部接收正常（完整含义见Q代码列表），也用作“QSL卡片”的简称）qsll I will send a QSL card when I receive one from you (No official Q-Code meaning) （当我收到你的QSL卡片时，我会回寄一张（无官方Q代码含义））qsl bureau organisation that allows stations to send QSL cards in bulk which are then distributed to the individual recipients （允许电台批量发送QSL卡片并分发给各个接收者的组织）qsl card confirmation of a contact, usually in post-card format （通联确认，通常为明信片格式）qsl manager person who deals with the sending and receiving of QSL cards on behalf of a station （代表电台处理QSL卡片收发的人员）qso contact (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （通联（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsp relay a message or the relayed message itself (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （转发消息或被转发的消息本身（完整含义见Q代码列表））qst officially unassigned Q-Code, but adopted by the American Radio Relay League to mean “CQ ARRL members”. Also the title of the ARRL’s official journal. （官方未分配的Q代码，但被美国无线电中继联盟采用，意为“CQ ARRL成员”。也是ARRL官方期刊的标题）qsx indicates that a station is listening for replies on a frequency that is different from his transmitting frequency, e.g. “qsx up 5” means listening 5kHz above transmitting frequency (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （表示电台在与发射频率不同的频率上监听回复，如“qsx up 5”表示在发射频率上方5kHz处监听（完整含义见Q代码列表））qsy change frequency (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （改变频率（完整含义见Q代码列表））qth location (See Q-Code list for full meaning) （位置（完整含义见Q代码列表））qth locator the current IARU system for indicating a station’s geographical location by a six-character code that is unique to one small area of the earth’s surface, e.g. IO90TW. This six-character code defines an area 0.5 minutes of longitude wide by 2.5 minutes of latitude high. Select “Locator and Zone Maps” for further information. （当前IARU系统，通过六字符代码表示电台的地理位置，该代码在地球表面的一个小区域内唯一，如IO90TW。此六字符代码定义的区域经度宽0.5分，纬度高2.5分。详情请选择“定位和区域地图”）qth locator square the area defined by the first four characters of a QTH locator code, e.g. IO90, which is an area of the Earth’s surface 2 degrees of longitude wide by 1 degree of latitude high. There are 32,400 such squares and each has a unique reference within the range AA00 to RR99. Note that these “squares” are actually trapezia (but virtually rectangular), which are further divided into 576 sub-squares, each 0.5 minutes of longitude wide by 2.5 minutes of latitude high. These sub-squares are defined by the last two characters of a QTH locator code, which are within the range AA to XX, e.g. TW. Select “Locator and Zone Maps” for further information. （由QTH定位码前四个字符定义的区域，如IO90，是地球表面经度宽2度、纬度高1度的区域。有32,400个这样的区域，每个在AA00到RR99范围内有唯一参考。注意这些“区域”实际是梯形（但几乎是矩形），进一步分为576个子区域，每个经度宽0.5分、纬度高2.5分。这些子区域由QTH定位码最后两个字符定义，在AA到XX范围内，如TW。详情请选择“定位和区域地图”）qthr name and address correct in the UK Call Book (No official Q-Code meaning) （英国呼号簿中姓名和地址正确（无官方Q代码含义））quad an antenna with a rectangular format, usually consisting of wire elements mounted on spreaders （矩形天线，通常由安装在撑杆上的导线元件组成）"quert" phonetic pronunciation of “qrt”, as in “going quert”, which means “closing down” （“qrt”的语音发音，如“going quert”意为“关闭”）quietening an indication of the strength of a received FM signal by estimating the degree of receiver noise reduction （通过估计接收机降噪程度来指示接收FM信号的强度）r all received OK or the decimal point (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （全部接收正常或小数点（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））RA Radiocommunications Agency. This was the UK Government Agency responsible for licensing the use of the entire radio spectrum in the UK. The powers and functions of the RA were transferred to OFCOM (The Office of Communications) at the end of December 2003. （无线电通信局。这是负责英国整个无线电频谱使用许可的英国政府机构。RA的权力和职能于2003年12月底移交给OFCOM（通信管理局））radials wires or rods located at the base of a vertical antenna, connected to form an “artificial earth” against which the antenna may be tuned （位于垂直天线底部的导线或杆，连接形成“人工接地”，天线可据此调谐）rag-chew long contact during which many subjects are discussed, often of a general, non-amateur radio, nature （长时间通联，期间讨论许多话题，通常为一般性、非业余无线电性质）RAIBC Radio Amateur Invalid and Blind Club （业余无线电残障与盲人俱乐部）rain static pulsating noise caused by statically charged rain falling on the antenna （带电雨滴落在天线上引起的脉动噪声）rally short for “mobile rally”. These used to be informal gatherings of mobile radio operators held to promote discussion about equipment, operating practices and operational safety, but which have now become large well organised Trade Shows and “radio boot-sales” （“移动集会”的简称。过去是移动无线电操作员的非正式聚会，促进设备、操作实践和操作安全讨论，现在已成为大型有组织的贸易展和“无线电旧货市场”）rc ragchew (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （闲聊（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））rcd received (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （已接收（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））rcvr receiver (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （接收机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））RDFT Redundant Digital File Transfer. This is a protocol for the transmission of any digital file via an analogue radio link, but the main Amateur Radio application is in “digital SSTV”. （冗余数字文件传输。这是通过模拟无线电链路传输任何数字文件的协议，但业余无线电的主要应用是“数字慢扫描电视”）re concerning or regarding (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （关于或Regarding（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））read the act of hearing and understanding another station （收听并理解另一电台的行为）read the mail obtain information by listening to a station’s QSOs prior to actually making contact with the station （在实际与电台通联前，通过收听其QSO获取信息）readout the device that displays visual data, other than pictures, on a piece of equipment （在设备上显示除图片外视觉数据的装置）ref reference or refer to (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （参考或Refer to（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））report message indicating the subjective readability, signal strength and tone quality of a received signal (tone quality on CW only). Amateur Radio signal reports are given as a two or three figure group, using the following criteria:
r(Readability)可读性 |
If a CW signal appears to be crystal controlled, the letter “x” may be appended to the rst report. If there is chirp on the signal, the letter “c” should be appended and if there are key-clicks, the letter “k” should be appended. （如果CW信号看起来是晶体控制的，可在RST报告后附加字母“x”。如果信号中有啁啾声，应附加字母“c”；如果有电键咔嗒声，应附加字母“k”） Although not used by Amateur Radio operators, except on the experimental 60m (5MHz) band, broadcast signal reception is normally reported, by SWLs, using the SINPO system. （除实验性的60米（5MHz）波段外，业余无线电操作员通常不使用SINPO系统，但短波听众（SWL）通常使用该系统报告广播信号接收情况）repeater a device which receives signals on one frequency and retransmits the modulation content on another frequency within the same band （中继器：在同一频段内接收一个频率的信号并在另一个频率上重传调制内容的设备）rf radio frequency （射频）rfi radio frequency interference （射频干扰）ribbon feeder flat parallel twin transmission line （带状馈线：扁平平行双线传输线）rice-box equipment manufactured in the Far East, usually Japan （ rice-box：远东地区（通常为日本）制造的设备）rig transmitter/receiver or Remote Imaging Group （设备：发射机/接收机或远程成像组）roger all received OK （收到：全部接收正常）roller coaster variable inductor using a rotatable coil with a tapping point formed by a small fixed roller running on the turns of the coil （过山车式可变电感器：使用可旋转线圈，其抽头点由在线圈匝上运行的小固定滚轮形成）rotator device for rotating a directional antenna （旋转器：用于旋转定向天线的设备）rpt repeat or report (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （重复或报告（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））rough noise wideband noise with non-constant amplitude including many peaks and spikes （粗糙噪声：幅度非恒定且包含许多峰值和尖峰的宽带噪声）RSGB Radio Society of Great Britain （英国无线电协会）rst letter group immediately preceding the signal report (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （RST：紧接在信号报告前的字母组（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））RTTY radio teletype （无线电电传）rubber duck a small, flexible, antenna used on hand-held equipment （橡皮鸭天线：用于手持设备的小型柔性天线）rubber crystal a quartz crystal incorporated into a circuit that allows its operating frequency to be varied （橡皮晶体：嵌入电路中可改变工作频率的石英晶体）running a list the practice of compiling a list of calling stations prior to working them individually. Often used by DX stations when dealing with a pile-up （列清单：在逐个与呼叫电台通联前编制呼叫电台列表的做法。DX电台处理大量呼叫时常用）rx receive or receiver (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （接收或接收机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））S-meter device incorporated into a receiver that indicates signal strength （S表：集成在接收机中指示信号强度的装置）sa say (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （说（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））sae self addressed envelope （回邮信封）SAREX Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment （航天飞机业余无线电实验）sase stamped, self addressed envelope (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （贴好邮票的回邮信封（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））say again repeat （再说一遍）scope oscilloscope （示波器）sdr software defined radio （软件定义无线电）serial number number appended to a contest report that indicates the number of contacts achieved since the start of the contest. Serial numbers normally start at 001 and increment by one for each new station worked （序列号：附加在竞赛报告上的数字，表示自竞赛开始以来完成的通联数量。序列号通常从001开始，每通联一个新电台递增1）sez says (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （说（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））sgd signed (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （签名（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））shack room containing the amateur radio station （电台室：包含业余无线电台的房间）shared band a frequency band in which more than one user service has operating rights （共享频段：多个用户业务拥有操作权的频段）sheepskin operating proficiency certificate (e.g. DXCC) （羊皮证书：操作熟练证书（如DXCC））shift frequency change used in fsk or the separation between a repeater’s input and output channels （频移：FSK中使用的频率变化或中继器输入和输出信道之间的间隔）short path the shorter of the two possible “around-the-world” signal propagation paths （短路径：两种可能的“环球”信号传播路径中较短的一条）shud should (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （应该（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））SID Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance （突发电离层扰动）side swiper a Morse key in which the operating lever moves from side to side （侧动式电键：操作杆左右移动的莫尔斯电键）side tone a signal injected into the station receiver during transmission, such that the transmitted signal may be monitored （侧音：传输期间注入电台接收机的信号，以便监测发射信号）sig signal or signature (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （信号或签名（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））sig gen signal generator （信号发生器）silent key a deceased Radio Amateur （静默键：已故的业余无线电爱好者）simplex receiving and transmitting sequentially on the same frequency （单工：在同一频率上顺序接收和发射）SINAD acronym for “signal plus noise and distortion”. A sensitivity measurement normally associated with FM receivers （SINAD：“信号加噪声和失真”的缩写。通常与FM接收机相关的灵敏度测量）SINPO the system of reporting signals from broadcast and other stations where an accurate and repeatable subjective assessment of reception conditions is required. The SINPO code is defined in CCIR Recommendation 251, but the “RST equivalents” are not part of that recommendation, being specific to the “5MHz Experiment”. Although the normal Amateur Radio convention of reporting only readability and signal strength is sometimes considered to be inadequate, the SINPO code is not normally used by Radio Amateurs. Its use was, however, obligatory for those stations participating in the “5MHz Experiment”, which began in August 2002, during which propagation studies were carried out in conjunction with other UK amateur, military and military cadet stations. UK Amateur Radio operators who had been granted the necessary NoV, were permitted to operate on seven spot frequencies in the 5MHz band during this experiment. New regulations came into force on 01.01.13 giving access to additional frequencies and removing the requirement to use the SINPO reporting system during “normal” QSOs. The RST values normally used by Radio Amateurs are shown in brackets below and are the recommended equivalents to be used when determining SINPO reports of signals on the 5MHz Band. （SINPO：用于报告广播和其他电台信号的系统，需要对接收条件进行准确且可重复的主观评估。SINPO代码在CCIR建议251中定义，但“RST等效值”不是该建议的一部分，而是特定于“5MHz实验”。尽管仅报告可读性和信号强度的普通业余无线电惯例有时被认为不够，但业余无线电爱好者通常不使用SINPO代码。然而，对于参与2002年8月开始的“5MHz实验”的电台，其使用是强制性的，在此期间与其他英国业余、军事和军校学员电台一起进行了传播研究。获得必要NoV的英国业余无线电操作员在该实验期间被允许在5MHz波段的七个点频上操作。新规定于01.01.13生效，允许使用额外频率，并取消了“正常”QSO期间使用SINPO报告系统的要求。业余无线电爱好者通常使用的RST值如下括号所示，是确定5MHz波段信号SINPO报告时推荐使用的等效值）
S - Signal strength (QSA) （S - 信号强度（QSA）） |
- Note that when assessing the “Propagation” parameter, the most predominant effect from fading (QSB) and Doppler/multipath (phase distortion or auroral effects) is used to determine the “P” value. （注意，评估“传播”参数时，使用衰落（QSB）和多普勒/多径（相位失真或极光效应）的最主要影响来确定“P”值）
SITOR acronym for “simplex teletype over radio” （SITOR：“无线电单工电传”的缩写）sk end of work (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters) or silent key (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （SK：工作结束（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY，作为单个组发送，字母间无空格）或静默键（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））sked schedule （日程安排）sky-hook the means whereby an antenna is held aloft （天钩：将天线高悬的装置）slow-scan slow scan television （慢扫描电视）smps switch mode power supply （开关模式电源）sn soon (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （很快（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））snale-mail the normal postal system as opposed to e-mail （蜗牛邮件：相对于电子邮件的普通邮政系统）SO239 the Amphenol catalogue number of a type of co-axial socket in the “UHF” generic series. Often erroneously used to indicate the generic series itself （SO239：“UHF”通用系列中一种同轴插座的安费诺目录编号。常被错误地用来表示通用系列本身）software the code that constitutes a computer programme （软件：构成计算机程序的代码）solid state using non-thermionic active devices, e.g. transistors （固态：使用非热电子有源器件，如晶体管）SOTA Summits On The Air （空中峰会）sp short path (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （短路径（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））sparkle a subjective description of modulation that is not “woolly” （闪耀：非“模糊”调制的主观描述）speaker shortened form of “loud speaker” （扬声器：“loud speaker”的缩写）speech clipper a rudimentary form of speech processor which limits the peak amplitude of the speech waveform to a particular level （语音限幅器：将语音波形峰值幅度限制到特定水平的基本语音处理器形式）speech compressor alternative name for a speech processor （语音压缩器：语音处理器的别名）speech mangler alternative name for a speech processor (facetious) （语音处理器的另一个名称（玩笑））speech processor device for increasing the “talk-power” of a transmission by compressing the dynamic range of the modulating audio （语音处理器：通过压缩调制音频的动态范围来增加传输“通话功率”的设备）spike short duration, high amplitude signal super-imposed upon another signal （尖峰：叠加在另一信号上的短持续时间、高幅度信号）spitch high pitched transient interference from an adjacent signal （尖音：来自相邻信号的高音调瞬态干扰）splatter interference from the sidebands of an adjacent signal （飞溅干扰：来自相邻信号边带的干扰）split frequency receiving and transmitting sequentially on different frequencies （分裂频率：在不同频率上顺序接收和发射）spot a message on a DX cluster indicating the presence and frequency of a particular station （Spot：DX集群上指示特定电台存在和频率的消息）sporadic-e the propagation mode occasionally occurring on the VHF and higher HF bands when a particular type of ionisation is present in the E-layer of the ionosphere （突发E层：当电离层E层中存在特定类型电离时，偶尔在VHF和更高HF波段出现的传播模式）spread the total bandwidth occupied by a signal （展宽：信号占用的总带宽）sprog very young operator or child （新手操作员或孩子）sproggy spurious emission from a transmitter （寄生发射：发射机的杂散发射）spur spurious internally generated signal in a receiver or from a transmitter （杂散信号：接收机内部产生或发射机发出的杂散信号）square short for “QTH locator square” in context of “squares worked”, “square chasing” etc （方格：在“工作方格”、“追逐方格”等上下文中“QTH定位方格”的缩写）square eyes a malady caused by watching too much television! （方眼：因看太多电视引起的疾病！）squeaky a person, causing deliberate interference using a disguised voice （使用伪装声音故意制造干扰的人）squelch a system whereby receiver and atmospheric noise is suppressed in the absence of a received signal （静噪系统：在无接收信号时抑制接收机和大气噪声的系统）sri sorry (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （抱歉（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ss sweepstakes (In America, CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （赌金独赢（在美国，仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ssb single sideband （单边带）sstv slow scan television （慢扫描电视）stateside The United States of America （美国本土）static crashes the background noise caused by atmospheric electrical discharges （静电干扰：由大气放电引起的背景噪声）static mobile unofficial designation indicating that the station is permanently installed in a vehicle that is currently parked. Note that the correct designation is “mobile” or “/M”, regardless of whether the vehicle is parked or moving. （静止移动台：非官方名称，表示电台永久安装在当前停放的车辆中。注意，正确的名称是“mobile”或“/M”，无论车辆是否停放）station manager wife (facetious) （电台经理：妻子（玩笑说法））station master net controller （网络控制员）stn station (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （电台（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））straight key manually operated morse key （直键：手动操作的莫尔斯电键）sub-audible tones the very low frequency CTCSS audio tones that some repeaters use instead of, or in addition to, the 1750Hz tone-burst, to initiate access. See “CTCSS” above for a list of the currently used tones （亚音频 tones：一些中继器使用的甚低频CTCSS音频音调，用于替代或补充1750Hz音调脉冲以启动接入。当前使用的音调列表见上文“CTCSS”）suffix the part of a callsign directly following the prefix （后缀：呼号中直接跟随前缀的部分）sum some (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （一些（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））surplus term used to describe equipment no longer required by the original owner and disposed of on the open market （ surplus：用于描述原所有者不再需要并在公开市场处置的设备的术语）svc service or prefix to service message (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （服务或服务消息前缀（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））"swer" phonetic pronunciation of the abbreviation “swr” （“swer”：缩写“swr”的语音发音）"swer-bridge" phonetic pronunciation of “swr bridge” （“swer-bridge”：“swr bridge”的语音发音）swr standing wave ratio （驻波比）swr bridge a device for measuring the standing wave ratio existing on a transmission line （驻波比电桥：用于测量传输线上存在的驻波比的设备）swl short wave listener （短波听众）tail ending the practice of calling a station immediately following the end of a transmission from the station that is currently being worked, without waiting for the first station to sign off (poor operating practice) （尾部结束：在当前通联的电台传输结束后立即呼叫该电台，而不等待其结束通联的做法（不良操作习惯））talk-in operation intended to provided assistance to mobile stations requiring directions to a rally or similar event （引导通联：旨在为需要前往集会或类似活动的移动电台提供方向协助的操作）talk up attempt to increase the signal strength of an SSB transmission, the modulation level of an AM transmission, or the deviation level of an FM transmission, by speaking loudly （大声说话以试图增加SSB传输的信号强度、AM传输的调制水平或FM传输的频偏水平）talk power the perceived ability of a transmitter to produce readable signals based on modulation criteria rather than signal strength （通话功率：基于调制标准而非信号强度的发射机产生可读信号的感知能力）TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol （传输控制协议/互联网协议）temp temporary or temperature (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （临时或温度（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ten-four message understood (CB jargon, believed to derive from American Police radio procedures, not normally used by Radio Amateurs) （十-四：消息已理解（民用波段行话，据信源自美国警察无线电程序，业余无线电爱好者通常不用））test contest (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) or test transmission （竞赛（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY）或测试传输）tfc traffic (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （通信业务（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））thin audio audio lacking base and upper treble frequencies （单薄音频：缺乏低频和高频高音的音频）this end here or is (verbose CB jargon, not recommended for amateur use) （这边：这里或是的（冗长的民用波段行话，不建议业余使用））this side here or is (verbose CB jargon, not recommended for amateur use) （这边：这里或是的（冗长的民用波段行话，不建议业余使用））this way here or is (verbose CB jargon, not recommended for amateur use) （这边：这里或是的（冗长的民用波段行话，不建议业余使用））three legged fuse a transistor （三脚保险丝：晶体管）tia thanks in advance (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （预先感谢（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ticket Amateur Radio Licence （业余无线电执照）time-out automatic cessation of communications, after a pre-determined period, caused by inactivity （超时：因无活动在预定时间后自动停止通信）tits up broken or not working correctly (not recommended for amateur use) （损坏或无法正常工作（不建议业余使用））tks thanks (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （谢谢（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tmw tomorrow (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （明天（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tnc terminal node controller (used for decoding packet radio signals) （终端节点控制器：用于解码分组无线电信号）tnx thanks (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （谢谢（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tone-burst the 1750Hz tone used to open a repeater link （音调脉冲：用于打开中继器链路的1750Hz音调）top band the 1.8MHz amateur band （顶波段：1.8MHz业余波段）tr transmit (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （发射（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））t/r transmit/receive (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （发射/接收（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））transceiver combined transmitter and receiver （收发信机：发射机和接收机的组合）transponder a device which receives signals on one frequency band and retransmits them on another frequency band （转发器：在一个频段接收信号并在另一个频段重传的设备）trbl treble or trouble (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （高音或麻烦（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））trf tuned radio frequency （调谐射频）trix tricks (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （技巧（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））trx transceiver (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （收发信机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tt that (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （那个（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tts that is (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （即（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tu thank you (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （谢谢你（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））tube radio valve (abbreviation of the American term “vacuum tube”) （电子管：无线电真空管（美国术语“vacuum tube”的缩写））tune-up adjust equipment, usually a transmitter （调谐：调整设备，通常为发射机）tune for maximum smoke adjust a transmitter to generate its maximum power output （调谐至最大烟雾：调整发射机以产生最大功率输出）turns on the coil age (e.g. 60 years old = 60 turns on the coil) （线圈匝数即年龄（如60岁=线圈60匝））tweet a message sent or received via Twitter （推文：通过Twitter发送或接收的消息）twisted pair telephone line （双绞线：电话线）Twitter one of the largest social networking sites （推特：最大的社交网站之一）tvi television interference （电视干扰）tx transmit or transmitter (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （发射或发射机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））txt text (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （文本（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））u you (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （你（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））ufb ultra fine business (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （非常好的业务（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））uhf ultra high frequency （超高频）uhf bands the 432MHz and 1296MHz amateur bands. Also the American 902MHz amateur band （UHF波段：432MHz和1296MHz业余波段。也包括美国902MHz业余波段）unlis unlicensed (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （无执照（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））up-link the transmitted signal to a satellite （上行链路：发送到卫星的信号）ur your or you are (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （你的或你是（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））url Universal Resource Locator （统一资源定位符）urs yours (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （你的（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））usb upper sideband or universal serial bus （上边带或通用串行总线）UTC Co-ordinated Universal Time. For all practical purposes, this is the same as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) （协调世界时：实际应用中与格林尼治标准时间（GMT）相同）v volts （伏特）valve thermionic device referred to in America as a “vacuum tube” （电子管：在美国称为“vacuum tube”的热电子器件）vertical vertically polarised antenna （垂直极化天线）ve understood (CW use only. Sent as a single group, with no space between letters. RTTY operators normally use “R”) （明白（仅用于CW，作为单个组发送，字母间无空格。RTTY操作员通常使用“R”））vert vertical (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （垂直（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））vfb very fine business (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （非常好的业务（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））vfo variable frequency oscillator （可变频率振荡器）vhf very high frequency （甚高频）vhf bands the 50MHz, 70MHz and 144MHz amateur bands. Also the American 220MHz amateur band （VHF波段：50MHz、70MHz和144MHz业余波段。也包括美国220MHz业余波段）virus malicious software secretly installed on a computer （病毒：秘密安装在计算机上的恶意软件）vlf very low frequency （甚低频）vlf bands the 73kHz and 136kHz amateur bands （VLF波段：73kHz和136kHz业余波段）VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol （网络电话）vox voice operated transmit/receive switching （声控发射/接收切换）vsb vestigial sideband （残留边带）vswr voltage standing wave ratio （电压驻波比）vy very (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （非常（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））w watts （瓦特）wa word after (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （后接词（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））WAB Worked All Britain （通联全英国）WACRAL World Association of Christian Radio Amateurs and Listeners （世界基督教业余无线电爱好者和听众协会）walkie-talkie colloquial slang for a hand-held transceiver, other than a mobile ‘phone （对讲机：手持收发信机的口语俚语，非移动电话）wat what (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （什么（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））watsa what say (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （怎么说（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））WAMRAC World Association of Methodist Radio Amateurs and Clubs (now renamed WACRAL) （世界卫理公会业余无线电爱好者和俱乐部协会（现更名为WACRAL））WARC World Administrative Radio Conference (organised by the ITU) （世界行政无线电会议（由国际电联组织））WARC Bands the 10MHz, 18MHz and 24MHz bands. These are the latest bands to be released to the Amateur Radio Service by decisions taken at a World Administrative Radio Conference （WARC波段：10MHz、18MHz和24MHz波段。这些是世界行政无线电会议决定向业余无线电业务开放的最新波段）wb word before (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （前接词（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wet string description of an antenna, usually indicating poor performance (as in “the antenna is a piece of wet string”) （湿绳子：天线的描述，通常表示性能差（如“天线是一根湿绳子”））wd word (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （单词（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wds words (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （单词（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））whip antenna a short, vertical, antenna, usually mechanically flexible （鞭状天线：短垂直天线，通常机械柔性）whiskeys watts (CB jargon not normally used on Amateur Radio) （威士忌：瓦特（民用波段行话，业余无线电通常不用））white noise constant amplitude wideband noise, such as residual circuit noise in a receiver with no incoming signals （白噪声：恒定幅度宽带噪声，如无输入信号时接收机中的残留电路噪声）white-stick op blind operator （盲操作员）wid with (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （与（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wireless old name for radio, but now “re-discovered” to indicate the interconnection of any electronic devices without a direct, hard-wired connection （无线电：radio的旧称，但现在“重新发现”用于表示无需直接硬线连接的任何电子设备的互连）wkd worked (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （通联（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wkg working (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （工作中（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wl will or well (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （将或好（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））woodpeckers HF over-the-horizon military radar systems using wideband pulse modulation which cause considerable interference across the HF spectrum （啄木鸟：使用宽带脉冲调制的高频超视距军事雷达系统，对高频频谱造成相当大干扰）woolly a subjective description of muffled or indistinct modulation （模糊：对模糊或不清晰调制的主观描述）work be in contact with （与…通联）working conditions equipment details （工作条件：设备细节）wpm words per minute (When estimating Morse speeds, the word “PARIS” is regarded as the standard length word) （每分钟字数（估算莫尔斯电码速度时，单词“PARIS”被视为标准长度单词））WRC World Radiocommunications Conference (organised by the ITU) （世界无线电通信大会（由国际电信联盟组织））wrd word (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （单词（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wrk work (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （工作（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））WSJT Weak Signal Communication by K1JT. This is a computer programme written by K1JT, which decodes FSK441, JT44 and JT6M signals and generates appropriate replies. These types of transmissions are used for meteor scatter, tropospheric scatter, ionospheric scatter and eme communication, on the VHF and UHF bands （WSJT：K1JT开发的弱信号通信程序。该程序可解码FSK441、JT44和JT6M信号并生成相应回复。这些传输类型用于VHF和UHF频段的流星散射、对流层散射、电离层散射和地月通信）wud would (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （将（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））wug or wugite generic term for any non-metallic substance, usually indicating that the exact composition is unknown （wug或wugite：任何非金属物质的通用术语，通常表示确切成分未知）wx weather (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （天气（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xcvr transceiver (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （收发信机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xmas Christmas (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （圣诞节（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xmtr transmitter (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （发射机（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xtal quartz crystal (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （石英晶体（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xyf ex-wife (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （前妻（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））xyl wife （妻子）x squared yl ex-wife (ex-xyl) （前妻（ex-xyl））yagi a multi-element directional antenna （八木天线：一种多单元定向天线）yf wife (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （妻子（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））yl young lady or girl friend （年轻女士或女朋友）yr year (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （年（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））z zulu time (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （祖鲁时间（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））zepp an end fed wire antenna, using a ladder feeder with only one side of the feeder connected to the antenna. (Zepp is short for Zeppelin, the aircraft which first used this type of antenna) （齐柏林天线：一种端馈式导线天线，使用梯形馈线，馈线仅一侧与天线相连。（Zepp是齐柏林的缩写，齐柏林飞艇首次使用这种天线））zilch nothing or zero （零或无）zones geographical areas, surrounded by arbitrary boundaries, and assigned numbers by the ITU and CQ Magazine. Unfortunately the two zoning systems are not mutually compatible and neither is compatible with the QTH Locator System. For example, the British Isles are in ITU Zone 27, CQ Zone 14 and QTH Locator fields IN, IO, IP and JO. Select “Locator and Zone Maps” for further information. （分区：由国际电联和CQ杂志划定的地理区域，分配有编号。不幸的是，这两种分区系统互不兼容，且均与QTH定位系统不兼容。例如，不列颠群岛属于ITU 27区、CQ 14区和QTH定位字段IN、IO、IP和JO。选择“定位器和区域地图”获取更多信息。）zulu time Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) （祖鲁时间：协调世界时（UTC）或格林威治标准时间（GMT））5RV short for “G5RV”, which is a type of multiband wire dipole antenna designed by the late Louis Varney, G5RV （5RV：“G5RV”的缩写，是已故的Louis Varney（G5RV）设计的一种多波段导线偶极天线）30 I have nothing more to send (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （我没有更多内容要发送（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））33 fondest regards (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （最诚挚的问候（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））55 best success (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （祝一切顺利（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））73 best wishes (Intended for CW use but often used on fone) （最良好的祝愿（原用于CW，但常用于电话））88 love and kisses (Intended for CW use but often used on fone) （爱与吻（原用于CW，但常用于电话））99 * good health (See note below) （身体健康（见下文注释））100 * God bless (See note below) （上帝保佑（见下文注释））141 * God be with you until we meet again (See note below) （愿上帝与你同在，直到我们再次相遇（见下文注释））161 (73+88) best regards to you and your YL/XYL (CW, PSK31 and RTTY use only) （向你和你的YL/XYL致以最良好的祝愿（仅用于CW、PSK31和RTTY））501 * a combination of 73+88+99+100+141 (See note below) （73+88+99+100+141的组合（见下文注释））
- Note: These codes have been originated by WACRAL for use in contacts between its members. These codes should NEVER be used in normal Amateur Radio activities, and preferably should never be used at all, as Amateur Radio is not an appropriate place for religion and was never intended as a medium to promote religious beliefs or propaganda. （注释*：这些代码由WACRAL创建，用于其成员之间的通信。这些代码绝不应在正常的业余无线电活动中使用，最好根本不要使用，因为业余无线电不是宗教活动的合适场所，也从未打算作为宣传宗教信仰或宣传的媒介。）
